Got Down Syndrome?

List of Deficiencies caused by Reflux Drugs:

Acid-Reducing Drug Nutrient Depletion

Proton Pump Inhibitors¹

Omeprazole (Prilosec®)

Lansoprazole (Prevacid®)

Pantoprazole (Protonix®)

Rabeprazole (Aciphex®)

Esomeprazole (Nexium®)

Histamine₂ Antagonists

Cimetidine (Tagamet®)

Famotidine (Pepcid®)

Nizatadine (Axid®)

Ranitidine (Zantac®)

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Vitamin B₁₂^{1, 10,11,12}

Depletion of vitamin B₁₂includes: Fatigue, Peripheral Neuropathy, Tongue and mouth irregularities, Macrocytic anemia (abnormally enlarged red blood cells), Depression, confusion and memory loss (especially in the elderly), Poor blood clotting and easy bruising, Dermatitis and skin sensitivity, Loss of appetite, Nausea, and Vomiting.

Beta-Carotene^{1, 13}

Beta -carotene depletion may cause a weaker immune system , and cancer.

Vitamin B₁₂^{1, 2}

Anemia, tiredness, weakness, peripheral neuropathy, tongue and mouth irregularities, enlarged red blood cells (macrocytic anemia), depression, confusion, memory loss, poor blood clotting or easy bruising, dermatitis, skin sensitivities, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting

Folic Acid^{1, 3}

megaloblastic anemia, birth defects, cervical dysplasia, elevated homocysteine, headache, fatigue, hair loss, anorexia, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea, increased infections

Iron^{1, 4}

Menstrual bleeding, pagophagia (consuming large quantities of ice), hypochlorhydria, diarrhea, intestinal inflammation, hair loss

Calcium^{1, 6, 7}

Rickets, osteoporosis, magnesium deficiency, intestinal inflammation increased phosphorus ingestion (with soft drinks etc.), increased caffeine intake, excess dietary fat and fiber, lack of exercise.

Vitamin D^{1, 8}

Rickets, low dietary Vitamin D intake, limited sun exposure, kidney or liver malfunctions, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, hearing loss, muscle weakness, severe tooth decay, phosphorus retention

Zinc¹

Acne, impaired sense of taste and smell, delayed wound healing, anorexia, decreased immunity, frequent infections, depression, photophobia, night blindness, skin, hair, and nail problems, menstrual problems, joint pain, involuntary eyeball movements (nastagmuas).

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1.Pelton R., La Valle JB, Hawkins EB, et al. Drug Induced Nutrient Depletion Handbook. 1999-2000. Lexi-Comp,Inc. pp. 250-53, 262-69, 294-97, 300-07, 404-410, 426.

2.Force RW, Nahata MC. "Effect of H₂-Receptor Antagonists on Vitamin₁₂ Absorption." Ann Pharmacotherapy. 1992. 26(10): 1283-86.

3.Russel RM, Golner BB, Krasinski SD , et al. "Effect of Antacids and H₂ Receptor Antagonists on the Intestinal Absorption of Folic Acid." Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 1988. 112(4): 458-63.

4.Campbell NR, Hasinoff, Meddings JB, et al. "Ferrous Sulfate Reduces Cimetidine Absorption." Digestive Disease and Sciences. 1993. 38(5): 950- 54.

5. Partlow ES, Campbell NR, Chan SC , et al. "Ferrous Sulfate Does Not Reduce Serum Levels of Famotidine or Cimetidine After Concurrent Investigation. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1996. 59(4): 389-93.

6.Bo-Linn GW, Davis GR, Buddrus DJ, et al. "An Evaluation of the importance of Gastric Acid Secretions in the Absorption of Dietary Calcium." Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1984. 73(3): 640-47.

7.Merenich JA, Georgitis WM, and Clark JR. "Failure of Cimetidine to Reduce Postoperative Hypocalcemia in Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism Undergoing Neck Exploratory Surgery." Surgery. 1993. 133(6): 619-23.

8.Bengoa Jm, Bolt MJ, and Rosenberg IH. "Hepatic Vitamin D 25 Hydroxylase Inhibition by Cimetidine Isoniazid." Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 1984. 104(4): 546-52.

9. Lacy CF, Armstrong LL, et al. Drug Information Handbook. 1999-2000. Lexi-Comp, Inc. pp. 174, 424, 480, 512, 585, 1239.

10.Bellou A, Aimone-Gastin I, De Kowin JD, et al, "Cobalamin Deficiency With Megaloblastic Anemia in One Patient Under Long-Term Omeprazole Therapy," J Intern Med, 1996, 240(3):161-164.

11.Mercuard SP, Albernaz L, and Khazanie PG, "Omeprazole Therapy Causes Malabsorption of Cyanocobalamin," Ann Intern Med, 1994, 120(3):211-5.

12.Termanini B, Gibril, Sutliff VE, et al, "Effect of Long-Term Gastric Acid Suppressive Therapy on Serum Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients With Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome," Am J Med, 1998, 104(5):422-30.

13.Tang G, Serfaty-Lacrosniere C, Camillo ME, et al. "Gastric Acidity Influences the Blood Response to a Beta-Carotene Dose in Humans," Am J Clin Nutr, 1996, 64(4):622-6.

Histamine2 Antagonists

Histamine₂ Antagonists